The Doctrines of Christian Discovery (DoCD) originate with 15th century Papal Bulls that were issued by the Vatican and implemented by Monarchies, sanctioning the brutal Conquest and Colonization of non-Christians who were deemed “enemies of Christ” in Africa and the Americas. These Papal Bulls were a continuation of what had been going on since at least the 8th century from Charlemagne, through the Crusades, the Inquisition, the war on witches, to the Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula. In 1823, the “Doctrine of Discovery” was first articulated as a legal formulation in U.S. Supreme Court case, Johnson v. M’Intosh in 1823. As this case fundamentally defines international property law today, it continues to be used by multi-national corporations and Nation-States in their extraction of resources in indigenous territories around the world. The global scale with which the DoCD expressed itself in the “Age of Discovery”—first in Africa, then the Americas, and beyond—created a unified Christendom, which became the opposing force against the great global plurality of cultures. This Doctrine governs United States and international law today and has been cited as recently as 2005 in the decision City Of Sherrill V. Oneida Indian Nation Of N.Y.Have you ever seen
A metafinding aid and gudie for Indigenous peoples' archives and resources related to the UNPFII.
Find resources and archives related to Indigenous peoples and the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII). This metafinding aid provides access to a wide range of materials, including documents, statements, and reports from various Indigenous organizations and initiatives.
Doctrine of Discovery Booklet
AILA's comprehensive booklet on the Doctrine of Discovery provides an overview of this historical and legal framework that has impacted Indigenous peoples worldwide.
We Remember the Stolen Generations
Betty Lyons reflects on the Stolen Generations and the ongoing impacts of colonial policies rooted in the Doctrine of Discovery.
An Open Letter on “Indian Residential Schools”
Betty Lyons addresses the legacy of Indian Residential Schools and their connection to the Doctrine of Discovery in this open letter.
Pagans in the Promised Land: a Primer on Religious Freedom
Steven Newcomb explores the intersection of religious freedom and the Doctrine of Discovery, examining how religious justifications were used to colonize Indigenous lands.